Common Oral Diseases Diagnosed Through Pathology

Oral pathology plays a critical role in detecting and diagnosing diseases affecting the mouth, jaws, and related structures. By studying tissue samples under a microscope, specialists can identify abnormalities that may not be visible during a routine dental exam. Early and accurate diagnosis allows for timely treatment and better patient outcomes.
 

Who Is at Risk?

While anyone can develop oral cancer, certain factors increase the risk. Tobacco use is one of the most significant risk factors, followed closely by heavy alcohol consumption. Additional risks include prolonged sun exposure (particularly for lip cancer), human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, a weakened immune system, and a family history of cancer. People over the age of 40 and men are statistically more likely to develop the disease, but growing numbers of younger patients are being diagnosed, often linked to HPV.
 

Oral Cancer

Oral cancer can develop in any part of the mouth, including the lips, tongue, cheeks, and gums. Pathology is essential for confirming a diagnosis after suspicious lesions or ulcers are discovered. Identifying malignant cells early can dramatically improve the success of treatment.
 

Leukoplakia

Leukoplakia presents as white patches on the tongue, gums, or inside of the cheeks. While often benign, some cases can be precancerous. A biopsy analyzed by an oral pathologist helps determine if the lesion requires further treatment or monitoring.
 

Lichen Planus

This chronic inflammatory condition affects the mucous membranes inside the mouth, often appearing as white, lacy patches or red, swollen tissue. Because its symptoms can resemble other conditions, pathology is key to confirming the diagnosis and ruling out more serious diseases.
 

Candidiasis

Also known as oral thrush, candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida species. While diagnosis can often be made clinically, pathology can confirm the infection and rule out underlying conditions that may predispose a patient to recurring symptoms.
 

Mucoceles and Salivary Gland Disorders

Mucoceles are fluid-filled swellings typically caused by blocked salivary glands. Pathology helps differentiate these from other growths, ensuring the correct treatment approach is taken.
 

Benign and Malignant Tumors

Oral pathology can identify various benign growths, such as fibromas, as well as malignant tumors originating in the salivary glands, jawbones, or soft tissues. Accurate classification of the tumor type is essential for determining the most effective treatment plan.
 

The Importance of Regular Oral Screenings

Regular oral cancer screenings are a vital part of preventive dental care. Many early-stage oral cancers cause little to no pain, making them easy to overlook without a professional exam. Screenings allow dental professionals to detect subtle changes in tissues and refer patients for a biopsy if needed, giving patients the best possible chance for successful treatment.
 

Early Detection Starts Here

Oral pathology provides invaluable insight into the nature and severity of diseases that affect the mouth and surrounding areas. By accurately diagnosing conditions early, patients can receive the right treatment and improve their long-term oral health outcomes.
 

If you have been referred for an oral biopsy or are concerned about unusual changes in your mouth, schedule a consultation with Oral Surgical Associates. Visit our office in Missoula or Hamilton, Montana, or call (406) 282-8768 to book an appointment today.